```html

AI-Powered Research: Dolphin – A Closed Loop for Automated Research

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific research. AI-powered methods increase research efficiency through improved data analysis, accelerated calculations, and the generation of new ideas. One step towards fully automated research is Dolphin, a framework for closed-loop, open-ended, and automated research processes.

Dolphin generates research ideas, conducts experiments, and uses the feedback from the results to improve the quality of the ideas. The process begins with the generation of ideas based on relevant publications, which are organized according to topic and task attributes. Subsequently, Dolphin automatically creates and debugs the code for the experiments. The results of each experiment are analyzed and fed back into the next idea generation cycle. Tests with benchmark datasets on various topics show that Dolphin continuously generates new ideas and conducts experiments in a loop.

From AI-Assisted to Automated Research

The path from fully human-controlled research to automated research can be divided into four phases:

• Human-controlled research: Humans perform all tasks, from generating ideas to conducting experiments.
• AI-assisted research: Researchers use AI-based tools to increase research efficiency.
• Semi-automatic research: Parts of the research, such as idea generation, are automated.
• Automated research: AI systems carry out the entire research process independently.

Despite the progress, there are challenges. Evaluating the effectiveness of AI-generated ideas is difficult. Most approaches rely on human evaluation or use LLMs to assess the novelty of the ideas. However, novelty alone does not reflect practical effectiveness. Another shortcoming of previous approaches is the lack of a feedback mechanism between experimentation and idea generation. Human researchers iterate and refine their ideas based on the results – a fundamental process that is missing in previous AI systems.

Dolphin: A Closed Loop

Dolphin addresses these challenges with a closed loop that encompasses the three key elements of research – idea generation, experimental verification, and feedback. For idea generation, Dolphin uses relevant publications, but filters them according to topic and task relevance. To increase the execution rate of the code, Dolphin debugs the code based on error messages. The results of the experiments are fed back into the next cycle of idea generation.

Experiments and Results

The effectiveness of Dolphin was tested with benchmark datasets such as ModelNet40, CIFAR-100, and SST-2 for tasks such as 2D image classification, 3D point cloud classification, and sentiment classification. Dolphin generated ideas that improved performance compared to baselines like PointNet, WideResNet, and BERT-base. In some areas, Dolphin achieved results comparable to state-of-the-art methods. The quality of the generated ideas improved through feedback, confirming the effectiveness of the closed loop.

Conclusion

Dolphin is a promising approach for automated research. The combination of idea generation, experiment execution, and feedback enables an iterative improvement process. The results of the experiments demonstrate Dolphin's potential to accelerate scientific research and gain new insights.

Bibliography: https://arxiv.org/html/2501.03916v1 https://synthical.com/article/Dolphin%3A-Closed-loop-Open-ended-Auto-research-through-Thinking%2C-Practice%2C-and-Feedback-bc300ab3-ef50-4eb8-bb2f-813d518cecce? https://www.chatpaper.com/chatpaper/zh-CN/paper/96572 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.03916 https://www.ecva.net/papers/eccv_2024/papers_ECCV/papers/06203.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282462874_Closed-Loop_Turbulence_Control_Progress_and_Challenges https://dl.tutoo.ir/upload/Book/Complete/Speak%20Out%202nd/Speak%20Out%202nd%203/3-Pre-intermediate-WB.pdf https://www.scribd.com/document/676894446/grade-5-english-answers-Learners-book https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2024.acl-long/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4892319/ ```